Monday, March 10, 2008

Article 12 - Fundamental Duties of States

Section 1: The state shall in particular, secure to all men and women equally right minimum means of livelihood according to provisions law.
Section 2: The state to ensure that opportunity for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disability.
Section 3: The state shall secure the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement according to provision of the constitution and law.
Section 4: The state to make law and provide facility so that the fundamental rights of the citizens are secured.
Section 5: The State should establish an environment commission to ensure sustainable development of the nation.
Section 6: There shall be one or more disaster management cell to deal with specific or common disasters, the state to ensure that disaster plan should always remain ready and should be reviewed every two years or earlier. There should be separate disaster plan for different kind and category of natural disaster and man-made disasters. Such plan should clearly mention preparation to be kept by various units and response they should give in case of a specific disaster. Duty of each agency and part of government should be defined properly so that they can act without delay on the receipt of a call of emergency. All relevant agencies will be well acquainted with the duty they need to perform at such time of disaster. Generally a copy of the plan and action should be provided to relevant agencies if such information is not going to adversely affect the national security.
Section 7: The competent legislature shall accept the disaster management plan on the recommendation of disaster management cell.
Section 8: The State shall arrange for compulsory defence training of three month to every citizens of the country.
Section 9: Defence training should be added in education curriculum just after completion of elementary education.
Section 10: State should make all endeavours to ensure that there is no shortage of power for the people. It shall be duty of the state to discourage the wastage of electricity, and ensure that theft of electricity does not take place. It shall be primary duty of the Union government to generate the electricity. Every connection of electricity shall be provided with a mitre to monitor the consumption of electricity. It shall be duty of state to provide minimum required electricity in subsidised rates to domestic consumer. Non-conventional source of energy should be encouraged.
Section 11: There shall be Super Highway, Express Highway, National Highway, Provincial Highway, connecting road, rural road and urban roads. Superhighway must consist of eight lanes, Express Highway of six lanes, National Highway of four lanes, Provincial Highway of two lanes and other roads should be wide so that two vehicles can cross each other. Rural and Urban roads, which are narrow in comparison to the above roads, may be declared one way if required and possible.
Section 12: A road can be declared as certain type of road only when the declaring authority has fulfilled the minimum standard required according to law for that road.
Section 13: All Provincial capital to be connected by the National Highways. In the same manner all district headquarters to be connected by the Provincial Highway. Road connecting villages with the main road and towns shall be known as connecting-road. Road inside the village if not classified as any other type of road, shall be known as rural road. Road available inside the metropolitan or municipality if not classified as any other road than shall be known as urban road.
Section 14: Union Government shall regulate for Construction and maintenance of the Super Highway, Express Highway and National Highway. Provincial Government shall arrange for Construction and maintenance of the Provincial Highways and connecting roads. Respective local Government shall arrange Construction and maintenance of the rural and urban roads.
Section 15: The Union legislature may by law declare any road as strategic road and union government shall arrange for construction and maintenance of such roads.
Section 16: Roads heretofore constructed or which may hereafter be constructed under provision of law for the public purposes are declared public roads. The Legislature shall pass laws to regulate road, freight and passenger tariffs, to correct abuses and prevent unjust discrimination and extortion in the rates of freight and passenger tariffs on the different roads in this state, and enforce the same by adequate penalties; and to the further accomplishment of these objects and purposes, may provide and establish all requisite means and agencies invested with such powers as may be deemed adequate and advisable.
Section 17: Railway heretofore constructed or which may hereafter be constructed in Bharat is hereby declared public railways. The Legislature shall pass laws to regulate railway, freight and passenger tariffs, to correct abuses and prevent unjust discrimination and extortion in the rates of freight and passenger tariffs on the different railways, and enforce the same by adequate penalties; and to the further accomplishment of these objects and purposes, may provide and establish all requisite means and agencies invested with such powers as may be deemed adequate and advisable.
Section 18: A railway adjudication tribunal to be established to adjudicate upon dispute arise out of violation of law made to implement provision of this Article.
Section 19: It shall be the duty of the state to discourage cash transaction and encourage transaction through negotiable instruments and electronic money.
Section 20: The State should ensure that each legal personality has a bank account.
Section 21: Until the account holder requests the contrary, all the accounts should be transparent.
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